Reviewing Chapter 22

Rise of dictators -
Germany — Adolf HITLER — Nazism (National Socialist Party) – German brand of fascism
Italy — Benito MUSSOLINI — Fascism
Russia— Joseph STALIN (after Lenin) — Communism
Japan – Emperor Hirohito was kind of “out of it” - real power was with Minister of War Hedike TOJO
• Can you briefly explain how/why they came to power?

PRELUDE TO WAR
…..I. Japanese expansion (Manchuria, China)
…..II. Italian conquests (Ethiopia, Albania—tiny countries)
…..III. German aggression
…….... A. Annexation of Austria
…..…..B. Czechoslovakia
…..…..…..• Munich Pact – Sudetenland given to Hitler by England (Chamberlain) and France
…..…..…..• Pact violated in six months as German occupied rest of Czechoslovakia
…..…..C. Invasion of Poland Sept 1,1939—start of WWII
• • • ...…..….• “Sitzkrieg" (play on the words "sit" and "blitzkreig") — six-month “stall”

WAR IS DECLARED
Germany invades Denmark, Norway, (Chamberlain resigns, Churchill becomes PM). Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg----then …..FRANCE
…..…..(Evacuation at Dunkirk (300,000 troops evacuated to Britain by military and civilian craft)
…..…..…..• all these countries fell in less than ten weeks!!
…..Attempt to take England (Operation Sea-Lion)
…..…..…..• Battle of Britain (London Blitz) — the little RAF repels the German Luftwaffe
…..US — from Isolation/Neutrality to sympathy
…..…..• Lend-Lease Act (1941)—US could sell, lease, lend, etc. to any country
…..…..• Growing tensions between US & Japan over Japan’s conquests
…..…..• Hitler attacks Russia in (June 1941)
…..…..• Pearl Harbor—December 7, 1941. FDR asks for Declaration of war next day, US is IN THE WAR.
…..…..• MacArthur — gives up Philippines, but vows “I will return’ — he did.
…..…..• Doolittle Raid — Jacob DeShazer — Mitsuo Fuschida
…..Italy jails Mussolini in July 1943 when Allies invade (Germans stay and fight)
…..D-Day (Normandy Invasion) — June 6, 1944. Largest amphibious invasion in history.
…..…..• Hitler commits suicide (April 30, 1945)
…..…..• V-E Day May 8, 1945; V-J Day September 2,1945
…..Holocaust — 6 million Jews (and others) purged in the interest of the Aryan “Master Race”
…..Nuremberg Trials
…..Yalta Conference — “Big Three:” Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin
……..• parceling out of Europe
…..…..• concessions to Stalin
…..…..• Cold War begins
…..…..• divided Germany
…..…..• Berlin airlift
…..United Nations
…..…..• based on ideals of the “Atlantic Charter” (secret meeting between Churchill and FDR in August 1941)
…..…..• planned at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference) includes:
…..…..• Security Council
…..…..• Secretary-General
…..…..• World Bank